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Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Plastic Electroplating

Release Date:2023-05-04

　　Plastic electroplating involves applying various metal coatings to plastic surfaces through chemical and electrochemical processes. Plated plastic products are widely used in industries such as machinery manufacturing, light industry, and electronics. Electroplating wastewater is highly complex in composition; in addition to cyanide-containing (CN⁻) wastewater and acidic or alkaline wastewater, heavy-metal-containing wastewater represents a particularly hazardous category due to its significant environmental risks. If left untreated, such wastewater can cause severe environmental pollution.

　　The treatment of electroplating wastewater has received widespread attention both domestically and internationally, leading to the development of a variety of remediation technologies. These technologies aim to eliminate or reduce heavy-metal emissions by converting toxic substances into non-toxic forms, transforming harmful substances into harmless ones, recovering valuable metals, and implementing water recycling. With the rapid growth of the electroplating industry and increasingly stringent environmental regulations, electroplating wastewater treatment is now entering a new phase characterized by the integration of clean production processes, total-quantity control, and circular economy principles. Resource recovery and closed-loop recycling have become the dominant trends in this field.

　　Electroplating wastewater has a complex composition, with pollutants categorized into inorganic and organic types. Its water quality exhibits significant variability, and the wastewater is highly toxic, containing substantial concentrations of heavy metal ions. If discharged directly without treatment, it can cause severe pollution of surrounding aquatic ecosystems.

　　A statistical survey and investigation were conducted on the current status of wastewater treatment in China’s electroplating industry. The commonly employed methods for treating electroplating wastewater mainly fall into the following categories:

　　(1) Chemical precipitation, which is further divided into neutralization precipitation and sulfide precipitation.

　　(2) Redox treatment, which is further classified into chemical reduction, ferrite process, and electrolysis.

　　(3) Membrane separation technology.

　　(4) Adsorption method.

　　(5) Ion exchange method.

Key words: Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Plastic Electroplating

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